Zeigarnik Effect Essay Example For Students

Zeigarnik Effect Essay College of California Peer Reviewed Title: Technostress in the Bionic Library Author: Kupersmith, John Publication Date: 01-01-1998 Publication Info: Postprints, UC Berkeley Permalink: http://escholarship. organization/uc/thing/1hc8s95x Citation: Kupersmith, John. (1998). Technostress in the Bionic Library. UC Berkeley: Retrieved from: http://escholarship. organization/uc/thing/1hc8s95x Additional Info: John Kupersmith, Technostress in the Bionic Library . Initially distributed in Cheryl LaGuardia, ed. , Recreating the Academic Library: Breaking Virtual Ground, (New York: Neal-Schuman, 1998), pp. 3-47. Unique Citation: John Kupersmith, Technostress in the Bionic Library. Initially distributed in Cheryl LaGuardia, ed. , Recreating the Academic Library: Breaking Virtual Ground, (New York: Neal-Schuman, 1998), pp. 23-47. Catchphrases: technostress, PC related pressure, innovation, data frameworks, libraries Abstract: Computer-related pressure, here and there called â€Å"technostress,à ¢â‚¬  influences staff and clients as libraries offer increasingly more data through sites and other remotely open electronic frameworks. We will compose a custom exposition on Zeigarnik Effect explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now This paper takes a gander at technostress with regards to general pressure hypothesis, the Zeigarnik Effect, and the idea of sensemaking. It proposes manners by which library web engineers, framework architects and chiefs can diminish pressure related issues. 2008 updates: In the a long time since it was distributed, this paper has held up genuinely well in general. Ive included a few notes in the content to recognize conditions that have changed. I am appreciative to the late Dr. Ilene Rockman, Manager of the California State University Libraries Information Competence Initiative and proofreader of Reference Services Review, for inspecting a previous variant of these updates. eScholarship gives open access, insightful distributing administrations to the University of California and conveys a unique exploration stage to researchers around the world. 1 The Bionic Library As perusers of this volume are very much aware, scholarly libraries are offering ncreasingly abundant and differing data in electronic structure for nearby and remote access. These electronic administrations started with online library lists, have come to incorporate bibliographic, full-text, and picture databases, and, using Internet apparatuses, for example, the World Wide Web, are quickly advancing into organized data spaces where clients can distinguish and find both printed and electronic things, recover the last mentioned, and convey by means of email with master guides (e. g. , the libra ry staff). Simultaneously, the physical library keeps on existing and even flourish, obtaining, sorting out, and presenting enormous amounts of material in print and other non-electronic configurations to significant quantities of understudies and staff. 2008: Thrive may not be the main word that comes into view when you read this ARL record, which shows noteworthy decreases in reference and course exchanges somewhere in the range of 1995 and 2006 (http://www. arl. organization/bm~doc/arl-br-256-details. pdf). However, the outcomes are blended, with participation at bunch introductions expanding. Regardless, weight on staff brought about by declining library use just fortifies that brought about by innovation. Consequently it appears to be likely that scholarly libraries will keep on working in the two modes for quite a while. In begetting the term bionic library to depict this mixture idea, Harold Billings likewise insinuated the assortment of responses among expected clients: To certain researchers, the idea of an electronic library is heaven close by; to other people, it is totally terrifying. I propose that libraries are advancing as bionic libraries; natural, transformative, and electronically improved. Library assortments will proceed, lasting with books and diaries, yet for some data sources accessible through remote workstations, the library will soon never rest The old and new library frameworks will become acclimatized and entwined. The library is additionally bionic as in it includes offices and configurations, yet in addition the fundamental human components: clients and staff. The achievement of any library framework, all things considered, lays not on how well the plan takes a shot at paper, in the theoretical, yet on how promptly individuals will acknowledge it and how successfully they can utilize it. Also, it is the natural segments of the library that grasp or reject the new advances; satisfy or baffle the aims of framework fashioners; 2 and, particularly in this season of progress, experience the sort of nervousness and confusion known as technostress. Stress and Technostress It barely need be expressed here that pressure plays a basic and tricky job in current life. Most present day stress hypothesis depends on crafted by Hans Selye, who characterized three phases of response to stressors in the earth: alert, obstruction, and (in extraordinary situations where stress is not kidding and delayed) fatigue. 2] While stressors can be charming or upsetting and stress can have constructive effectsâ€energizing an individual, centering consideration, and animating practices of commitment and useful adaptationâ€generally it is the negative part of pain that justifies our consideration here. Side effects of pressure might be physical (e. g. , muscle strain, fast heartbeat, dry mout h and throat, shallow breathing, cerebral pains, gastric issues), intellectual (mental exhaustion, failure to think, misguided thinking), full of feeling (crabbiness, tension, mental weakness, sorrow), or social (imprudence, evasion, withdrawal, loss of hunger, a sleeping disorder). Different specialists have underscored the significance of the people examination of a possible stressor (a charging rhino consequently inspiring a more grounded response than a mulish hypertext connect), how much the individual sees that he/she can control the circumstance, character contrasts and social help systems that influence people responses and flexibility, and the added substance and total impacts of various stressors, including both adverse and constructive life occasions. Intensifying the impacts of different stressors is the wonder known as the Zeigarnik impact, which affirms a typical human encounter: interfered with undertakings will in general be recalled superior to finished errands, particularly when the individual is exceptionally engaged with the assignment and when the interference is impromptu. This clarifies why staff and clients of the bionic library, shuffling a large group of errands, will in general heft around (and experience proceeding with worry from) th eir psychological daily agendas, and why many think that its hard to get a lot of fulfillment from finished undertakings. Computersâ€or, all the more accurately, the manners by which individuals and associations see, use, and identify with computersâ€are a strong wellspring of worry, in the bionic library as somewhere else. Craig Brod, who presented the term technostress in 1984, characterized it as: an advanced infection of adjustment brought about by a powerlessness to adapt to the new PC advances in a solid way. It shows itself in two unmistakable and related ways: in the battle to acknowledge PC innovation, and in the more particular type of overidentification with PC innovation. The essential manifestation of the individuals who are irresolute, hesitant, or frightful of PCs is uneasiness. This nervousness is communicated from multiple points of view: crabbiness, cerebral pains, bad dreams, protection from finding out about the PC, or through and through dismissal of the innovation. Technoanxiety most regularly torments the individuals who feel pressuredâ€by business, peers, or the general cultureâ€to acknowledge and use PCs. 3 As Brod recommends, technostress takes a few structures. Physical issues, for example, dull strain wounds, carpal passage disorder, or back issues result from poor machine plan or ergonomics. PC tension contains a few issues, running from impermanent disarray over how to utilize a framework, to sentiments of being hurried or dehumanized by the PC, to the unmistakable and increasingly inescapable dread known as computerphobia or technophobia. At the opposite finish of the attitudinal range, the individuals who are exceptionally positive about and associated with PCs likewise experience technostress. This impact can be very unobtrusive, as when individuals endeavor to coordinate their reasoning and conduct to that of PC frameworks, particularly when the interface configuration does little to adjust the basic elements of the machine to human recognitions and conduct. Margaret Stiegs depiction of technostress underscores these impacts: To utilize any innovation effectively, the client is compelled to fit in with its examples. The PC has significantly modified our feeling of time, a change with numerous perspectives. It has made conceivable more noteworthy proficiency, along these lines more prominent effectiveness is presently required. The PC requires prompt reaction. A large number of us locate the squinting cursor oppressive and to some degree terrifying . The speeding up of work the PC has brought represses reflection, which thusly restrains nderstanding. These qualities bestow a more prominent need to keep moving to the specialist, an impulse not to sit around, an awareness of stress. 2008: Web interfaces have supplanted the oppression of the flickering cursor with various noticeable alternatives hanging tight for a mouse click or other client activity. This is an incredible improvement if the interface is all around planned, however quick re action times on rapid systems and the developing number of PC related undertakings have joined to press most library clients and staff. A similar marvel is reflected in an ongoing handbook from a business counseling firm, planned to enable corporate representatives to conform to the quick evolving, electronic, worldwide work environment: you have to work with a solid desire to move quickly. Quicken in all parts of your work, regardless of whether it implies living with a couple of progressively worn out edges. Of course, excellent is vital, however it must come qui

6 Tips to Overcome Procrastination and Get Stuff Done

6 Tips to Overcome Procrastination and Get Stuff Done We plunk down to another undertaking, open another clear record, and? Browse our email! Noodle through our Facebook channel! Check (actually rapidly!) to perceive what time that new film is indicating Friday night! Before we know it, an hour has passed by, and the record is still, well, clear. Here are a couple of procedures to cut the hogwash and return to being productive.Click UNSUBSCRIBEIt’s human. Each time you get an email, you simply need to check it. A fraction of the time, it’s some drug store, or legislator, or aircraft, or an online retailer. Quit burning through your time perusing what come down to, fundamentally, plugs. Remove the promotion time from your day and spotlight on content. It’s like Netflix for your life!Download Spamfighter Pro or MailWasher Pro, or use your Gmail spam channel. Take yourself off each one of those pamphlets and records you never truly get anything from, however can’t help looking at when you ought to be working.SEE ALSO: How to Boost Your Productivity at WorkPrioritize your workDon’t simply chip away at the thing you’re fearing least; that’s a simple path for extremely significant activities to fall by the wayside. Make a rundown of every one of your ventures and cutoff times, and rank them arranged by significance and urgency.Break workâ up into chunksToo dismayed by that gigantic new undertaking to begin? Split it up into significant things, make a sub plan for the day, and begin working on it piece by piece. Make sensible, feasible objectives, and get moving. In the end, the state of the entire undertaking will begin to turn out to be clear and you’ll be riding the energy of making progress.Cut out the noiseDe-mess your work area. Move your photographs out of visual range. Put your telephone on quiet and stick it in a cabinet. Use programming like Freedom or SelfControl to keep yourself off the Internet, if conceivable, or simply your most exceedingly awful I nternet sinkholes. In the event that you have an extremely sweet view, hang a shade you can close when you can’t bear to wander off in fantasy land out the window.Make a scheduleEstimate to what extent each of the day’s errands will take you, and make a calendar for your day. Regardless of whether step by step or moment by minute, on the off chance that you need micromanaging, put pieces of time in a safe spot for explicit exercises, including breaks. Furthermore, don’t neglect to give yourself a couple of moments to visit to associates or check your texts.Look internal to see your flawsUsually we’re generally inclined to hesitation when we’re dodging an errand we don’t like. Make sense of what your dawdling triggers are-and why. Not generally excellent at a specific part of your activity? Begin finding a way to improve, as online instructional exercises or programs.At the day's end, your time is important. We spend the greater part of our l ives at work. Why not make that time important by completing genuine articles?

English literature controlled assessment Essay

Numerous plays and sonnets are worried about the connection among guardians and their youngsters. Pick a circumstance where this issue is considered in a Shakespeare play and connection it with verse where there is a comparative circumstance. Allude near the writings in your response to help your perspectives. Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare’s most famous plays. The tragic story of the two star-crossed darlings was written in Elizabethan occasions and on account of this highlights families a ton not the same as that of today. Elizabethan families ran uniquely in contrast to that that goes on in our own home sweet homes. Elizabethan youngsters were viewed as their folks property and must comply with whatever their folks said; this was generally the dad as ladies in the past would likewise need to adhere to the exacting standards of their spouses. Just as that, youngsters, in rich families, were regularly compelled to wed whom they were told to; basically for cash. The thoughts of family include vigorously in Romeo and Juliet and in this evaluation I will investigate said thoughts top to bottom. In Act One, Scene Two Lord Capulet, Juliet’s father, is counseling Paris after he requested Juliet’s turn in marriage. Capulet accepts that his little girl is too youthful to even think about marrying. Capulet says ‘An she concur, inside her extent of decision lies my assent and reasonable concurring voice’ he is stating that Paris has his endorsement however it is up to Juliet to settle on an official conclusion. The way Capulet handles the circumstance with Paris gives the affection and grace he feels for his little girl. Capulet permits Juliet to choose if she needs to wed this man. This wouldn’t have happened regularly in Elizabethan occasions as the more extravagant families frequently wedded for riches not love and here Capulet is asking, not telling, Juliet to wed this well off man. He doesn’t treat her as a household item and needs her to be content with the individual she weds, ‘She is the cheerful woman of my earth’ Capulet has lost his past kids and just needs the best for his solitary girl. At that point, in Act Three, Scene Four, Capulet masterminds Juliet’s and Paris’ wedding saying ‘she will be hitched to this respectable earl’. Capulet masterminds this marriage without his little girls assent since he trusts it will help to bring his girl out of her burdensome state, which he believes is brought about by the passing of her cousin Tybalt yet in actuality it’s in view of Romeo being banished from Verona. The sentence Capulet says shows that he is so kind to his little girl; Capulet could have picked the wealthiest man he could get his hands on, anyway he picks a ‘noble’ admirer for his little girl to wed. This by and by shows that Capulet doesn’t need to utilize his girl for cash and really needs his little girl to be content with the one she weds. So far Capulet has been introduced as the figure leader of the ideal dad, given the Elizabethan time, anyway there is a second when his demeanor towards his little girl changes. In Act Three, Scene Five Capulet has recently been educated by his significant other that Juliet has wouldn't wed Paris. Capulet then reacts with ‘Is she not glad? Doth she not check her blest?’ Capulet then proceeds to reveal to her that he will toss her out and never view her again. Presently, Capulet’s outcry could be seen by numerous individuals to be brutal and unjustifiable, be that as it may, given the time the play was composed youngsters did as their folks taught and had nothing else to state on the issue. Capulet poses a few inquiries in a steady progression not hanging tight for an answer, this recommends he is freezing and has no clue how he is intended to deal with this; this could very well likely be the first run through his little girl has opposed him. Along these lines, given the plays period, Capulet’s shock is totally justifiable, he is stunned, terrified and horrified at Juliet’s conduct as kids never challenged their folks, especially their dads. Presently I will move onto the subject of Juliet’s mother, Lady Capulet. In Act One, Scene Three Lady Capulet opens the scene with ‘Nurse where’s my girl? Call her forward to me’. The way Lady Capulet alludes to Juliet as her little girl along these lines nearly seems as though she is calling Juliet an article; it’s practically like Lady Capulet is requesting that the Nurse bring her a couple of shoes she lost. She doesn’t talk as though she adores her little girl by any stretch of the imagination, in the event that she did she may have said something like â€Å"Nurse where is Juliet? Might you be able to request that her come to me?† The way that she doesn’t address her thusly features further how the connections among parent and youngster worked in Shakespearian occasions; guardians treated their kids as items. The third scene in Act One spotlights vigorously on Juliet’s relationship with both her mom and the Nurse. In this scene Lady Capulet alludes to Juliet as ‘daughter’ and Juliet to her as ‘madam’. This shows how Elizabethan youngsters needed to converse with their folks however the exacting convention of how they converse with each other proposes that there is no mother-little girl relationship. They don’t allude to one another as â€Å"mother† or â€Å"Juliet†. Be that as it may, as I said previously, this could be down to how kids needed to talk and act toward their folks in Shakespearian occasions, anyway I trust it comes down to the absence of connection between the two and my next point explains this further. When Juliet shows up Lady Capulet educates the Nurse to disregard them permitting them to talk in security. Woman Capulet then out of nowhere requests the Nurse to return saying ‘I have recalled that me. Thou’s hear our counsel’. At the point when Lady Capulet is confronted alone with her girl she gets obvious to the way that she has no clue how to converse with her little girl and requirements the Nurse to assist her with speaking with Juliet. The way that Lady Capulet required the Nurse to assist her with conversing with her little girl this time proposes this is something that could have happened in the past implying that Lady Capulet has never had a discussion with Juliet without a crowd of people to support her, which is not the slightest bit a sound connection among mother and little girl. The explanation Juliet thinks that its simpler to converse with her Nurse is on the grounds that she was the one that breastfed and raised Juliet as she was employed to be her wet medical caretaker. Elizabethan ladies were regularly utilized by more extravagant families to raise and wean their children for them, this calling was known as a wet medical caretaker. Taking everything into account, Shakespeare utilized the subject of parent-kid connections intensely in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare’s objective that he set out to do was to teach the Elizabethan and present day times that the status quo, weren't right. The star-crossed darlings were bound to bite the dust as an approach to show that the manner in which guardians were regarding their kids as items was at last going to end despondently; notwithstanding their youngsters then for themselves. The Montague’s and Capulet’s lost their kids as a result of the manner in which they had been dealt with and I trust Shakespeare needed his crowds, at that point and into the far future, to rethink how they are treating their own youngsters. In this next piece of the controlled appraisal I will examine and talk about various sonnets with the topics of parent-youngster connections and afterward interface certain focuses back to the subjects present in Romeo and Juliet. The principal sonnet we considered was ‘Catrin’ by Gillian Clarke; a sonnet devoted to her own little girl Catrin. The sonnet shows the advancement of mother little girl connections basically during childbirth and during the young insubordinate time of her life. A topic utilized all through the sonnet is this topic of a ‘tight red rope of love’. This is referenced or recommended at a few focuses all through the sonnet and alludes to the umbilical string. The rope helps me to remember a round of ‘tug of war’ a game that crowns a victor, anyway I accept that this fight is proceeding even into Catrin’s high school years, she is as yet driving ceaselessly, the subject of contention is available all through. The primary verse likewise makes reference to a ‘environmental blank’ this proposes the mother is shutting out everything around her and every last bit of her consideration is centered around the infant and getting it out; this could show that Catrin’s mother is attempting her supreme hardest to get her infant out with the goal that they can start their lives independently. Clarke likewise composes ‘I composed everywhere throughout the dividers with my words’, she isn’t genuinely getting up and painting the dividers with a jar of Dulex, she is rather splattering the dividers with her own and the baby’s shouts and yells as they battle for opportunity. ‘Clean squares’ could be the perfect and sterile condition of the emergency clinic or it could be a clear canvas fit to be painted with the recollections and clashes of their relationship to come. Clarke then proceeds to compose ‘tender circles’ which I accept is the mouths of the mother and youngster, sore and dry from all the shouting and crying the two gatherings have endured. All through the sonnet, in the middle of the entire clash, words, for example, ‘tender’ and ‘love’ are tossed in with the general mish-mash negating the subject of contention which is to do with viciousness and outrage. The adoring and caring words that are utilized, I accept, is the means by which Clarke is depicting guardian kid connections. I accept she is attempting to state that it is a contention and it is a battle, however in the middle of the entirety of the takes on and conflicts are the caring minutes guardians and kids share and that these minutes ought to be held dear. The following sonnet we examined was ‘Follower’ via Seamus Heaney. Not at all like ‘Catrin’ this sonnet centers around a dad child relationship. The sonnet is about a child who’s reverence and regard for his ranch working dad r

Ever Heard of Chance Music? :: essays research papers

aleatory music (ā'lēətã'r'ē) [Lat. alea=dice game], music in which components generally dictated by the author are resolved either by a procedure of arbitrary determination picked by the writer or by the activity of decision by the performer(s). At the compositional stage, pitches, spans, elements, etc are made elements of playing card drawings, dice throwings, or scientific laws of possibility, the last with the conceivable guide of a PC. Those components typically left to the entertainers' attentiveness incorporate the request for execution of segments of a work, the conceivable rejection of such areas, and abstract translation of transient and spatial pitch relations. Additionally called â€Å"chance music,† aleatory music has been delivered in bounty since 1945 by a few authors, the most remarkable being John Cage, Pierre Boulez, and Iannis Xenakis. Aleatoric (or aleatory) music or sythesis, is music where some component of the structure is left to risk. The term got known to European arrangers through the talks which acoustician Werner Meyer-Eppler held at Darmstadt Summer School in the start of the fifties. As per his definition, "aleatoric forms are such procedures which have been fixed in their blueprint yet the subtleties of which are left to chance". The word alea implies "dice" in Latin, and the term has gotten known as alluding to an opportunity component being applied to a predetermined number of conceivable outcomes, a technique utilized by European arrangers who felt more bound than the Americans by custom and who focused on the significance of compositional control, instead of indeterminacy and chance where prospects tend not to be limited and which is an Anglo-Saxon wonder. The term was utilized by the French author Pierre Boulez to portray works where the entertainer was given sure freedoms with respect to the request and reiteration of parts of a melodic work. The term was expected by Boulez to recognize his work from works made through the application out of chance activities by John Cage and his tasteful of indeterminacy - see vague music. Different instances of aleatoric music are Klavierstã ¼ck XI by Stockhausen which includes various components to be acted in changing arrangements and trademark successions to be rehashed quick, delivering a unique sort of wavering sound, in instrumental works of Lutoslawski and Penderecki. An early type of creation that could be viewed as a point of reference for aleatoric structures were the Musikalische Wã ¼rfelspiele or Musical Dice Games, famous in the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 15, 2020

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Interview with Future Med Student Vaidehi Mujumdar

Vaidehi Mujumdar (Photo credit: Hebah Khan hebankhan.com) This interview is the latest in an Accepted.com blog series featuring  interviews with medical school applicants and students, offering readers a behind-the-scenes look at  top medical schools and the med school application process. And now, introducing Vaidehi Mujumdar†¦ Accepted: First, can you tell us a little about yourself? Where are you from? Where and what did you study as an undergrad? Whats your favorite non-school book? Vaidehi: I’m currently living in New York City, but I was born in India, moved to Southern California at age three and then moved to Northern Virginia, where I spent most of my childhood. I graduated from Dartmouth College in 2013 with a double major in Biology and Anthropology modified with Ethics. I love/hate this question because I have a long list of books and quotes I keep in a notebook to share with people. Just to list some titles I really love: Arundhati Roy’s God of Small Things; The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver; The Red Tent by Anita Diamant; Level 4: Virus Hunters of the CDC by husband and wife virus hunters Joseph B. McCormick and Susan Fisher-Hoch; The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman; and Shantaram by Gregory David Roberts. Recently, I have loved reading Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah and Atul Gawande’s newest book, Being Mortal. Accepted: Congratulations on your multiple acceptances to med school! Where will you be attending this Fall? Vaidehi: I am actually still deciding between a few schools and it’s actually a lot harder than I thought it would be to make a decision. I think going to re-visit weekends and getting a better sense of the community, location, and fit will be really important for me. I am grateful that I have until April to figure it out and some part of me knows that it will end up being one of those decisions that starts with a large pro/con list but then ends up being made based on â€Å"feeling† – where I feel I can be successful and happy to pursue interdisciplinary interests in medicine. Accepted: Can you tell us about your experience at the  HealthCare Chaplaincy Network (HCCN)? What do you do there? How will this experience play into your future as a physician? Vaidehi: Dartmouth has a Post-Graduate Fellowship Program for students interested in working in the non-profit sector. My fellowship was at an organization called HealthCare Chaplaincy Network, an organization that provides compassionate spiritual care to healthcare organizations and individuals through research, education, and clinical services. Spiritual care is interesting in that it is not religion or specific to a denomination. We all need spiritual care as patients and as healthcare providers to make meaning of lived experiences. One of my main responsibilities at HCCN was to co-managing two hospital pilot programs based in Harlem and Queens. These programs utilized chaplains in providing spiritual care interventions to reduce unnecessary hospital readmissions for Medicare patients 65+. There was a lot of great quantitative and ethnographic data gathered from this study and I know the model we used can be built upon in the future. I really believe that integrating chaplains in the healthcare team can help improve patient outcomes. Having seen the difference chaplain and spiritual care has on patient satisfaction and health outcomes, I know I will be mindful as a physician in utilizing spiritual care as a possible tool a health care organization can provide for a patient. Accepted: Why did you decide to take this time off after graduating college? Do you think you made the right decision? Vaidehi: I grappled a lot in college if I was going to take time off and actually decided to do it so that I could double major, go abroad to do my anthropology thesis research, and actually also devote time to write a thesis. I absolutely believe I made the right decision. Initially, my plans to take a gap year(s) was very practical and had to do with timing in my undergraduate studies, taking the MCAT, and wanting to do all of those things well. However, at the end of my first gap year, I realized how important it was for personal growth and just being able to have the time to explore myself, my passion for writing and journalism, and working full-time in one of the craziest city’s I have ever lived in. I really believe having this time will make me a better student in medical school. I found on the interview trail that the people who were a couple years out of undergraduate were usually the ones who had a story to tell and an enthusiasm for getting back into school. I also feel like managing work-life balance and priorities is extremely important and it’s not something that I really considered so much in undergrad. If I could back and tell my younger self circa my sophomore year of college when I was struggling with how I could fit in everything I wanted to do academically and personally, I would definitely say, â€Å"Stop stressing about fitting it all in a set number of years just because that’s what you expected the plan to be.† Plans change. Flexibility and adaptability are important, and taking the time during gap years to enrich yourself is invaluable. Through my 2 gap years, I have had the opportunity to pursue journalism and writing in New York City as well as health advocacy work and I feel like I have a better grasp of what I want to do in the medical field as a physician. Accepted: Can you talk about your interest in medical humanities and spiritual care research?   Vaidehi: My interest in the medical humanities I believe really started my junior/senior year of college when I wrote a thesis in socio-cultural anthropology and ramped up a lot during my gaps years when I started freelance writing for several platforms focused on self-care, trauma, women’s health in minority communities, and exploring narrative medicine. I believe the medical humanities and spiritual care provide us with a holistic look at both individual and population levels that can help in creating effective solutions. For example, I am interested in conducting research on chronic endocrine and reproductive diseases in women. Narrative medicine as a subset of the medical humanities allows me to gather illness stories told by women about their lived experiences with these chronic problems. To me, medicine is about stories and through my experiences working in this realm, I have also realized how powerful stories are to healing. On the other hand, spiritual care research, through the use of mindfulness based stress reduction, can help me provide data on if these techniques are useful in improving overall well-being and health. Along with allopathic medical training and an interest and understanding of medical humanities and spiritual care, I believe I am better equipped to be a physician who practices patient-centered care. Accepted: Looking back, what was the most challenging aspect of the med school admissions process? How did you approach that challenge and overcome it? Vaidehi: The most challenging part of this process is keeping a positive attitude through what is a long process. At first, the process seems like a bunch of steps that if you do correctly, you’ll be fine. So you do the pre-reqs, the MCAT prep, the application writing, filling out secondaries, the interviewing, and then you wait. And for someone who works on patience everyday, waiting was my biggest challenge and you can drive yourself bonkers if you keep focusing on dates, interviews, and who’s doing what. At some point you just have to let go and say you put everything you could out there in the best way you could and now the rest is not in your hands. Giving up that control will surprise you and it will definitely help with the waiting process. The other challenging aspect of the process for me was coming up with a school list. Now almost done with the process, I have to say it is really important to come up with a list that is thoughtful and broad. I picked a range of schools based on statistics, but also focused on fit depending on their strengths/weakness. I believe it made a big difference in when and how many interviews I received. Accepted: Do you have any additional tips for our med school applicants? Vaidehi: Apply early. Everyone says this, but you have no idea how much of difference it makes when you’ve interviewed early in the cycle and have acceptances in the Fall. It sets you up for a less stressful cycle and the ability to relax as much as you can while waiting to hear back from other places. Have multiple people read your personal statement and even some of the secondary essays that you may reuse for schools. It’s really important to get different viewpoints, while also remembering that at the end of the day it’s your story. I went through many drafts of my statement and through the revising process I was able to see how others reading my ideas were understanding and reacting to them. That’s important because admissions committees are made up of different people and therefore you want to create a personal narrative, while making it accessible and clear for anyone to read. Anyone reading your essay(s) without reading anything else in your application should know who you are, what experiences have brought you to choosing medicine, and why you are a good fit for this profession. I can’t stress how important I feel the personal narrative and the writing you do for your AMCAS and secondaries is in setting you apart from all the other qualified appl icants. I know people say this a lot, but be yourself at interviews. Be professional, but don’t try to fit yourself into what you think the interviewer wants or what you think the school is looking for. Wield your differences, because we all have them, as positives and use them to connect with your interviewer. The school has already read your AMCAS and believes that you have portrayed yourself effectively in your written communication to them. The interview is all about making an authentic human connection, which is not only important for medical school but in that long journey of pursuing medicine. Early on in the cycle, I went to an interview where I took what I later thought was a pretty controversial stance on a topic I had experience with through work and research. After the interview, I mentally kicked myself, thinking I had ruined my chances. I was later not only accepted to that school, but my interviewer wrote me a note saying, â€Å"We need more people like you in medicine to talk about the issues we shy away from.† That was one of the biggest affirmation I got from a physician and in a process that often fills you with doubt. I know that particular interview experience helped me act more confidently and stay as true to myself as I could for future interviews For one-on-one guidance on your med school applications, please see our catalog of med school admissions services. You can follow Vaidehi’s adventure by checking out her blog, http://vaidehimujumdar.weebly.com/ and/or following her on Twitter (@VeeMuj). Thank you Vaidehi for sharing your story with us! Do you want to be featured in Accepted.coms blog, Accepted Admissions Blog? If you want to share your med school journey with the world (or at least with our readers), email us at bloggers@accepted.com. Related Resources: †¢ The Ultimate Guide to Medical School Interview Success †¢ Choosing the Perfect Medical School: Multiple Acceptances a Reality †¢ Who Should Take a Gap Year

Minimum Benefits Of Minimum Wages - 1399 Words

Minimum wages are described as â€Å"the minimum amount of remuneration that an employer is required to pay wage earners for the work/services performed during a given tenure, which cannot be reduced by collective agreement or an individual contract†. Minimum wages can be established by statute, competent decision authority, a wage board, a wage council, or by industrial or labour courts. The significance of minimum wages is to shield workers against disproportionately low pay. They help safeguard an equitable and just share of the fruits of progress to all, and a minimum living wage to all who are employed and in need of such protection. Minimum wages can also be a part of a policy to overcome poverty and reduce inequality, including those†¦show more content†¦This potential loss decreases both firms’ surplus and workers’ surplus. The increase in job search will waste resources and time which contributes to the inefficiency of minimum wage. Dead-weight loss highlights the loss in possible employment, which could have been achieved by labour market approaching equilibrium. Free-Market With Minimum-wage Case 1 With Minimum-wage Case 2 Consumer Surplus 1-2-3 1 1 Producer Surplus 8-9 2-3-4-8-9 2-9 Government Supports - - LS-LD Cost of Government Purchase - - 3-4-5-6-7 Total Surplus 1-2-3-8-9 1-2-9 1-2-9 Dead-weight Loss - 3-8 3-5-6-7-8 In both cases of minimum wage, there is an overall increase in labour supply and an overall reduction in demand of labour. Hence, implementing or increasing minimum wage results in loss of jobs theoretically. However, it also relies on the country s economic activity which may or may not result in loss of jobs. Additionally, case 2 reflects the scenario where the government delivers unemployment benefits to its unemployed citizens. In this case the dead-weight loss is catered by the government which in return puts a great deal of financial burden on the government. Observing with the perspective of the general population - Improved minimum standard of living – It facilitates the lowest paid strata of the society to desire for a better standard of living. - Incentive to work – It encourages unemployed population to find job, due of higher returns for theirShow MoreRelatedMinimum Benefits Of Minimum Wage1359 Words   |  6 PagesMinimum wage is described as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"the minimum amount of remuneration that an employer is required to pay wage earners for the work/services performed during a given tenure, which cannot be reduced by collective agreement or an individual contract†. Minimum wage can be established by statute, competent decision authority, a wage board, a wage council, or by industrial or labour courts.   The significance of minimum wage is to shield workers against disproportionately low pay. They help safeguard an equitableRead MoreBenefits Of Minimum Wage1014 Words   |  5 Pages Minimum wage is a struggle for many Americans and I believe it needs to be raised. The minimum wage of the United States is $7.25 an hour. It is a rate that isn’t letting many Americans live life comfortably. If the minimum wage was changed even a merely $3.75 it would change people’s lives and will let many people get by. The minimum wage of $7.25 has stayed the same since 2009 and there hasn’t been any effort by the government to change it. Many states have increased their minimum wage, but IRead MoreThe And Benefits Of A Minimum Wage2730 Words   |  11 Pages The Affects and Advantages of a Minimum Wage 180 Hour 3 Shakopee High School A common saying known throughout the business world, â€Å"time is money†, which applies to every aspect of every work place, yet a something is missing from that saying. The missing element is just how much your time is worth. Recently with new raises in minimum wage the United States is taking steps to come more closely to the equilibrium of how much employees should be paid. With the many, many issues inRead MoreThe Benefits Of The Minimum Wage2000 Words   |  8 PagesThe advantages of the Minimum wage law outweigh its disadvantages. Introduction Minimum wage law is the lowest salary that employers need to pay to workers and United Kingdom legislate the minimum wage law in 1998. It is a way to improve the living condition of those low-income workers by raising their wage and also assure they can afford their daily consumption. The rate of the minimum wage is not fixed, it will increases as the living rate increases. The idea of minimum wage law is usually regardedRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Minimum Wage1568 Words   |  7 Pagespoverty wages and provide few if any benefits (Low, 2015). The lowest income bracket has been getting increasingly poorer and since 1968, the real value of the minimum wage has progressively declined (Dietrich, 2004). Most low-wage employers do not offer health insurance to their employees and if they do, premiums are too high for employees to afford. Sick pay and retirement benefits are not likely to exist in these types of jobs. Due to a lack of training or continuing education benefits, most workersRead MoreThe Benefits Of Raising The Minimum Wage1656 Words   |  7 Pagesto be should the minimum wage be raised or should it be lowered or eliminated altogether. From where I stand minimum wage should be raised. Everyone is more successful when people are paid a living wage. Changes to the minimum wage would strengthen the economy and business, Lift Americans out of poverty, and will be unlikely to significantly impact prices. The only way to grow the economy in a way that benefits 90% is to change the structure of the economy. Paying people a fair wage is a sign of respectRead MoreBenefits Of Minimum Wage Law990 Words   |  4 Pageshave a law in order to complete the bare minimum to afford a decent living condition, food for their families and even to put on decent clothes to keep themselves warm. The minimum wage law was set so employees have a decent living wage and are not in complete ruins after working rough conditions. There are many benefits towards the minimum wage law that was set in 1938 by President Roosevelt. It helps laborers who work in rough rugged conditions have a minimum set salary and have them able to affordRead MoreThe Benefits Of Raising The Minimum Wage706 Words   |  3 Pages Minimum wage is a difficult number to decide on because it affects different income earning citizens in different ways. According to Principles of Microeconomics, by N. Gregory Mankiw, minimum wage is a law that establishes the lowest price for labor that and employer may pay (Mankiw 6-1b). Currently, the minimum wage in the United States is $7.25 per hour. For many years politicians and citizens have argued on what should be the minimum wage that would benefit the economy and society in generalRead MoreBenefits And Disadvantages Of Minimum Wage1957 Words   |  8 Pagesto pay wages inferior to a certain threshold. This activity has important effects on the labor market and even on the global economy. The average wage levels influence not only the rates of employment, and the living conditions of part of the payroll, also a country’s level of education, how much outsourcing is done to countries where (minimum) wages are lower, and even market prices and therefore rates of in flation. Around the world, and for more than a century now, â€Å"since the first minimum wageRead MoreBenefits Of Raising Minimum Wage1291 Words   |  6 Pages In recent years, the demand for an increased minimum wage has erupted across the nation. During the ongoing debate, a few states, cities, counties, and companies have taken the initiative to raise the minimum wage of $7.25 per hour to the varying wages of $7.50-$11.50 per hour. According the United States Labor Department, 29 states and the District of Columbia pay above the minimum federal level of $7.25 per hour. The raising of the minimum wage has numerous supporters; however, there are individuals

Domestic Violence On Children

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4211 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Domestic Violence on Children Dissertation The Nature of Domestic Violence Domestic violence has been defined as: a continuum of behaviour ranging from verbal abuse, physical, and sexual assault, to rape and even homicide. The vast majority of such violence, and the most severe and chronic incidents, are perpetrated by men against women and their children. (Department of Health [DoH] 2000) In most cases the violence is against women by their partners or spouse and affects children belonging to one or both of them. Children can become victims of domestic violence either through being directly targeted or witnessing scenes of domestic violence between parents and their partners. At least 750,000 children a year witness violence within the home, and nearly three quarters of children on child protection registers live in households where domestic violence occurs. (Dept. of Health, 2003). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Domestic Violence On Children | Criminology Dissertations" essay for you Create order Abuse and violence may be physical, emotional, psychological, financial or sexual, and may be constant or spasmodic. Yet domestic violence is experienced by individuals from every class, race, religion and culture the world over (British Medical Association [BMA] 1999). While severe cases of domestic violence can often lead to women being hospitalised, others remain undetectable to the public eye, leaving women who live in constant fear of their partner or spouse, trying to avoid degradation. A study by Mayhew found that psychological and emotional abuse might be constant whilst the physical violence is intermittent (Mayhew et al 1996). For the child or young person this becomes a way of life one without stability or security and this can lead to behavioural problems and even crime. The focus of this dissertation is on the impact of domestic violence on the lives of children and young people. Research took place in the Hammersmith and Fulham area of London. The main body of research is secondary, from journals, books, and internet sources. The primary research is in the form of 2 sets of questionnaires handed out to 40people. The first questionnaire uses a design based on a survey done by Doctors from the University of Arizona, which has already proven tube successful and reliable. The questionnaire consists of four questions: 1. Have you ever been in a relationship with someone who has hit you, kicked you, slapped you, punched you, or threatened to hurt you? 2. CURRENTLY? 3. When you were pregnant did anyone ever physically hurt you? 4. Are you in a relationship with someone who yells at you, calls you names, or puts you down? (Wahl et al 2004: 25). The questionnaire was carried out on a random sample of the public. 20were handed to people outside Fulham Broadway tube station during rush-hour. People were only given the form if they said they had children, and were asked to fill it in on their way home from work or when they got back, and were given an sae. This method was chosen for reasons of personal safety as opposed to going round door to door. If the respondent answered yes to all questions then they were said to have suffered a prolonged period of domestic violence. In order to investigate the effects of domestic violence on adolescents questionnaire was devised for teenagers (see Appendix 1) and 20 were handed out at a youth centre in Hammersmith to be filled out anonymously. The forms were then collected at the end of the day. The second section of primary research was designed to be more specific. It was decided to approach an association specifically setup for women who have suffered domestic violence, which is actively involved in policy work in the UK. The chairwoman was approached and asked whether she could arrange for a sample preferably those with family in a black community who would consider completing questionnaire for a research study on domestic violence and its effects on young people and children. The chairwoman gave the researcher four names and email addresses of people who were willing to be contacted. However, the respondents and the association were to remain anonymous for reasons of confidentiality and security. The respondents used pseudonyms for their responses. As the sample was small, yet relevant, it was decided to use a more lengthy questionnaire, and interview the four subjects in more depth about their experience. Aside from the emotional effects, questions were designed to explore how domestic violence can be detrimental to learning and health. (see Appendix 2). Organisations and Government Policy There are many voluntary organisations such as Shelter, which provide counselling and places of refuge for women and children suffering domestic violence. Beneath are listed other services in the Hammersmith and Fulham area: Refuge provides a Freephone 24-hour National Domestic Violence Helpline Community efforts, such as the Peace Week. The protection from Harassment Act 1997 Prosecutions from the Criminal Justice Act 1998 where the victim need not appear in court, but her statement used instead. Developing police strategy for collecting evidence at the scene (Home Office 2000). What happens to children in cases of Domestic Violence? The aftermath of domestic problems can be as damaging as the incidents or episodes themselves. Children can be present during an arrest of apparent, witness a parent breaking restraining orders and their reactions to court decisions. In these situations children can be used as pawns or in worst cases even be taken as hostages. (Devote and Smith, 2002 ). In a qualitative study on the effects of domestic violence on children, McGees (2000) study, along with other research, revealed that: Children do not have to experience physical abuse to experience long-term negative effects of living where extreme controlling behaviour and abuse are the norm. In order to protect themselves, children may take the fathers side in an argument, and may themselves be abusive to their mother (Kelly 1996). Children regularly experience a sense of total powerlessness, wishing they could assist their mother, which may produce harm to their long-term emotional wellbeing. This may later cause revenge fantasies, but at the time often leads them to have an overpowering need to stay in the room. (Shipway 2004: 116). It is not unusual for the child or young person to blame themselves for what is happening to their mother, particularly as the partner may have used their behaviour as a reason for losing his temper. (Ibid). Young people sometimes fear social services will remove them from the home if it is known violence and abuse exists. Gaudi (2001:27) provided evidence confirming that two-thirds of the residents in refuges are children. However, this does not account for the hundreds who are afraid to report violence. The threat of leaving their family home, however unstable, is often not well received by children, and many would rather put up with domestic violence than remove themselves from it. Domestic Violence in the Black community Domestic violence in the black community has been recognised as being less likely to be reported mainly because women and young people do not wish to threaten the stability of their position within their community. Women from African Caribbean communities are less likely to report their experiences and therefore they experience prolonged abuse over a long, or sometimes indeterminate, time frame. One of the critical debates concerning domestic violence is the idea of getting used to a way of being treated and thus for it to become the norm within family life. An article written by a survivor of domestic violence said of her early years in Jamaica: in my experience it was commonplace to hear of or even witness women/men being beaten by their spouses or partners in public view. (Unknown author.https://www.2as1.net/articles/article.asp?id=49.). She comments of violence in the UK, saying that particularly within the Black community, the fighting may not overspill onto the streets but it does occur, behind closed doors. Black communities in London are well established and people living within them rely on the social structure of their area. The idea of leaving the area to live in a refuge where they might not understand English speaking people so well is an intimidating prospect for many. Thus, some women who do not speak English might delay seeking help, finding the language a barrier between them and British speaking organisations. Interpreters can be used, but involving a third partying a womans private life can be an off-putting idea. Furthermore, religious or cultural beliefs might forbid divorce, and religious community leaders mostly being men, only some speak out about domestic violence. In the case of migrant women and children who suffer domestic abuse there often is the threat of not being able to stay in the UK if they separate from their partner. An even greater threat is that the partner might abduct the children and take them abroad. (GreenwichMulti-Agency Domestic Violence Forum. 2003). One of the most powerful psychological effects of domestic violence, physical or verbal, is the victims distorted perspective of their abuser. Often women will make excuses for the person who attacks them blaming it on themselves or on drink or drugs or other stresses within their relationship. This comes with an inability to prioritise their personal safety and wellbeing, and that of their children, believing that the emotional attachment between the family members might be enough to overcome the presence of violence. Consequently, the effects of the mothers decision to remain within the abusive relationship means that the child remains continually at risk from psychological and physical hurt. The effects of exposure to violence in the home are extensive and not always immediately evident. For the individual exposure to domestic violence can precipitate personality disorders, addictive disorders, substance abuse, and even physical disorders. And as studies have shown, many violent individuals have themselves been victims of domestic violence and abuse, unable to break out of the cycle. Children and adolescents with violent parent(s) are without the presence of a mentor on which to model their behaviour. This can lead to further social problems such as an inability to integrate with peers. A young person who has experienced the insecurity of a violent home life might seek security in other forms such as substance abuse, and gangs and gang violence. Statistics The Home Office survey 2004 reported on a questionnaire used by the2001 British Crime Survey. It asked a nationally representative sample of 22,463 women and men aged between 16 and 59 whether they had been subject to domestic violence during their lifetime and during the preceding year. For relevance to this dissertation the following graphs were selected from the survey: Source: Home Office Survey 2004: 12. The survey surmised that since the age of 16 45% of women and 26%of men were subject to domestic violence at least once in their lifetime. (Home Office 2004: 8). Of these 18.6% were subject to force, meaning pushing, shoving, or physical harm. The British Crime Survey estimated that 13% of women and 9% of men had been subject to domestic violence in the 12 months prior to interview. (p.8). Furthermore, 12.9 million incidents of domestic violence acts had occurred against women in that year. Violence against children In 90% of cases of domestic violence children are in the same room or the next room.(Hughes 1998) In 40% 60% of cases of domestic violence child abuse is also occurring ( Stark Flit craft 1998) The NCH study found 75% of mothers said their children had witnessed domestic violence, 33% had seen their mothers beaten up, 10%had witnessed sexual violence (NCH, 1994). (https://www.womens-aid.org.uk/statistics.php). Immediate effects of Domestic Violence on Children and Young People A report by the Department of Health concluded that: For many women and their families the effects of domestic violence will be catastrophic, the damage to their physical and psychological wellbeing may be deeply damaging, and on occasions fatal. (Department of Health [DoH] 2000: 12) Victimisation by a parent of a child or young person can lead to the individual becoming so controlled and inhibited that they are unable to make even the simplest decision or act without permission, responding with complete obedience to every order given and every rule imposed. Abuse can encumber every part of their life, leading in cases to suicide seeming like the only escape. Some people express their self-disgust and powerlessness through alcohol or drug abuse, or self-mutilation, exhibiting signs of severe depression and complete dependency on the abuser.(Shipway 2004: 1). Because of the variety of forms which domestic violence can take its difficult for research to cover all areas. For example, there can be negative effects from being an observer. Research by Fantuzzo and Mohr noted this and thus instead of using the term victim used exposure. This was used in the context of the experience of watching or hearing domestic violence; being directly involved; calling police; and the experience of the aftermath of scenes which might include seeing injuries or bruising on a parent and observing maternal depression. (Fantuzzo and Mohr 1999: 22). Work by Hester et al found that childrens responses differ among members of the same family who are witnessing or experiencing the same abuse. They also said that it is hard to discern the impacts of living with domestic violence on children, because some of the consequent behaviours also occur in children experiencing other forms of abuse and neglect. (Hester et al. 2000:44) The following is a list of negative effects taken from Shipway 2004: 117): Secrecy Confusion Fear Mistrustful Blaming themselves Nightmares In addition Hester et al. (2000:44) found that whilst some children have poor social skills others attain a high level of social skills development with an ability to negotiate difficult situations. Childs ability to cope with abuse should never be underestimated; neither should the childs attachment to the abusive parent which, for some, may continue to be strong. (Ibid). Childrens responses to witnessing domestic violence will depend on age, race, class, sex, stage of development, and the support of others.(Womens Aid). Children may feel angry at their mother or father for not protecting them, as well as blaming them for causing the violence. Others may be so concerned about their mothers distress that they keep private their own grief (Saunders, 1995. From Womens Aid). Long Term effects Research by Fantuzzo and Mohr concluded that children who live in violent households are at greater risk of being maladjusted. (Fantuzzoand Mohr 1999: 22.) Some of these problems include: Behaviour Modelling In very young children through to adolescent age, behaviour is often modelled on people who the individual spends significant time with. Piaget in his 1972 publication noted that childrens play behaviour involves modelling on those around them, and eventually to reproducing that behaviour at any given time or place . As children grow up the parent figure becomes a role-model and if an abusive relationship exists then this trust is taken away. In study conducted by American researchers on aggression and violence in adolescent boys, 15 interviewees were asked questions which sought to identify areas for improvement concerning intervention and prevention. Participants disclosed that their aggressive responses to provocation were frequently modelled on responses that they had seen exhibited bothers, particularly those observed among immediate and extended family members. For example, a respondent called Dan said the following about his father: He gets mad too quickly. Hell get aggravated and hell just explode and thats when the fights start. Well argue and then Ill get mad and tell him some stuff and then hell get mad and just start yelling and then like one of us will go after the other, and then were fighting so my mother will try to break it up or call the police. (Ballot et al 2002: 221). Not all interviewees connected their behaviour with their families, however, there were many family interactions which involved aggression and domestic violence. It is perhaps the impact of what children witness that remains with them and encourages them to learn negative behavioural responses more quickly. As Brian explained, When I was younger, I didnt have a very organized family at all, so I looked towards the people on the streets. Thats when it gets you in trouble. Social Integration The abused childs unstable, often dangerous, home environment is likely to limit the childs development of social skills, self-confidence, and experience of positive interactions (Herrenkohl etal., 1995). Taken from Cooper 1999: 10). Children who grow up in a violent, unpredictable family have a `world view in which potential threat is constantly present. The childs ability to play and integrate with others is severely impaired as they are, if you like, watching their back in case of attack. Play is an important medium of self-expression for the young child, especially during the preschool years when language is still developing. It is the way in which children explore the world around them and learn to recognise and understand objects and people. Because play is sensitive to environmental conditions, the childs physical and social environment will either support or limit his or her play opportunities. Unfortunately, when a child is exposed to a chronically violent, abusive, or neglectful home environment, his or her opportunities for play development and play experiences are severely disrupted. (Cooper 1999:10). The physically abused or neglected child is more likely to show delayed language, cognitive, and motor development, and as a consequence, delayed play skills (Ibid). Cooper suggests that the preschool child will internalise the experience of domestic violence, and may view himself or herself as the cause. As a result, the preschool child may act in destructive ways, such as deliberately destroying other childrens games or toys, in order to attract negative attention. (Ibid). A 1989 study by Fagot et al found physically abused preschool childrens free play with peers to be more disruptive, aggressive, and antisocial than the play of other, non-abused children. (Ibid). Fantuzzo found that aggressive play behaviour, and a lack of empathy with fellow children, is likely to further isolate and prevent the abused child from learning appropriate social skills (Davis Fantuzzo, 1989: 227-248). Structure Children living in a dysfunctional family unit where violence occurs will often experience a lack of structure and organisation to their daily lives. The study by Ballot et al found that the boys felt safe in the institution as they had a chance to lead orderly, less chaotic lives than the ones they experienced in their homes and on the streets. (Ballot et al 2002: 17). Every child will cope with exposure to domestic violence in their own unique way. Indeed, many children might at first not appear to have been adversely affected. It is only later, or in certain situations that their inner emotional state might be revealed. Indeed, although there is a varying number of possible negative health and social outcomes for children who have lived in an abusive home, not all children manifest these characteristics in their later life. The young mind can be resilient and adaptable: It is important to remember that some children remain perfectly well-adjusted despite living with abuse and that a majority survive within on clinical or normal levels of functioning. (Millender and Morley1994:4) Results from Primary Research Of the 20 questionnaires handed out to a random sample of respondents, who were asked only to fill out and return the form if they had children. 8 were returned. The results are set out below: 1. Have you ever been in a relationship with someone who has hit you, kicked you, slapped you, punched you, or threatened to hurt you? 2. CURRENTLY? 3. When you were pregnant did anyone ever physically hurt you? 4. Are you in a relationship with someone who yells at you, calls you names, or puts you down? 7 out of 8 women said they had been in a relationship where they were threatened or hurt 3 out of 8 women said they were currently in a violent relationship 6 women who said they had been abused while pregnant, which implies that their children could have been born into a domestically violent household. 6 out of 8 women said they were in an emotionally abusive relationship These statistics for the Fulham area are quite high. Nearly half of respondents said they had experienced prolonged domestic abuse. It would be useful to conduct a further study on another random sample to see if the two sets of results would correlate. Because under half the sample returned the questionnaires it cannot be said to be representative sample of the Fulham area. Nonetheless the findings do give a surprising insight into the lives of black women in London, showing that abuse, in any form, is a regular occurrence in some peoples lives. Furthermore, because these respondents had children its likely that their children have witnessed domestic violence. Future research might look into establishing a comparison study on 20 women who do not have children in an attempt to see whether more cases of abuse occur within relationships where children are present. Questionnaire on teenagers Of the 20 forms which were filled in 9 respondents said they had been involved in or witnessed cases of domestic violence in their lifetime. 1. Have you ever been involved in or witnessed scenes of domestic violence in your family? Was this age 1-5/6-14/15-present? Or all of the above? 2. Were these scenes between your parents/partners? Did they ever directly involve you? Yes: 4 No: 5 3. Were you ever physically hurt during these episodes? Yes: 3 No: 6 4. Were you verbally abused during these episodes? Yes: 9 No: 0 5. How did your experience affect your daily life: 1. Made you shy..2 2. Made you sad.9 3. Made you angry5 4. Made you aggressive towards others3 6. Do you believe your experience to have been detrimental to your ability to enjoy and participate in school? 1. Yes..3 2. No6 2 out of 9 respondents said they had witnessed or experienced domestic abuse throughout their lives. Just under half of respondents said that they were directly involved in scenes of domestic violence and all respondents said they were verbally abused. The highest percentage(100%) said they had felt sad, while just under half felt aggressive towards other people. Interviews The four cases of domestic violence all revealed the problem of domestic violence to be one associated with isolation and taking place within the privacy of the home. All respondents admitted that they believed domestic violence to have negatively affected their children. Particularly poignant were the accounts of children becoming withdrawn, another aggressive, and another blaming her mother. All these findings are consistent with the secondary research presented in the first section of this dissertation. The interviews provided a surprisingly good response. Some people might be reluctant to admit to the presence of violence in their domestic life, especially if it involves their children, in fear of admitting that they are (directly, or indirectly) causing their child to be unhappy. However, all four respondents answered openly and honestly about their experiences. Conclusion This dissertation has looked into a cross section of the population in the Hammersmith and Fulham area of London. Teenagers and women who were known to have experienced abuse were asked questions about their experiences and both reported feelings of sadness and aggression. Random sample of women with children also revealed that nearly half of the population had experienced a domestic violence act of some kind in their lives. The findings were consistent with the secondary research, such as the study by Piaget 1972, and Cooper 1999, both of which found that young children had difficulty in play activities and social integration, both at pre-school and primary level. The study by Ballonet al on aggressive teenagers also correlated with the responses from the questionnaires handed out at the youth centre. It is not possible to say that there are more domestic violence cases in black communities or that they are caused by demographic and stress factors. A study by Richardson et al on the prevalence of domestic violence against women looked for a correlation between demographic factors and domestic violence. They concluded that black women were least likely to have ever experienced domestic violence compared to their white female counterparts.(Richardson et al 2002:274). The interview with the British mother found that the violence she had experienced was mostly verbal and did not involve physical force directed at her. Out of the four women she was the only one still tube with her husband with whom she had fought with. This is not consistent with the secondary research presented at the beginning which suggested that more black women stayed with their spouses in fear of what might happen if they left. Future research might explore the marital status of black women in the Hammersmith and Fulham area and the stability of the family unit. Interviews with more than one member of a family might also be useful in order to gain a different perspective on the same incidents. To conclude, domestic violence appears to have a negative impact on children and young people. Initial responses might be guilt, fear, sleeplessness and a desire to protect their mother. In pre-schoolchildren the learning ability and playfulness is often damaged by the experience of domestic violence. In children of all ages research has shown that behaviour is modelled on what they see around them, and this can lead to anti-social behaviour to peers and strangers. Longer-term effects include an inability to trust other people, withdrawing from social situations, depression, and in worse cases aggression on the streets, and drug and alcohol abuse.

Microevolution Free Essay Example, 750 words

ï » ¿Microevolution Laguna de Manialtepec, is located in southern Mexico, is a melting point for marine species. Temperatures in the islands rise high in the day and drop below optimum levels in the night. In 2015, the area had excessive food for both animal and human consumption. The area was once full of life and provided habitat for numerous organisms. The land iguana is a unique animal found in the surrounding area of Laguna de Manialtepec (Curry&Chang, 12). Land iguanas are herbivorous creatures that complement their diets by eating insects and centipedes. Iguanas rely on cactus fruits and pads as the primary source of food for their survival. Iguanas mature at the age of 8 to 15 years and have adapted to living in dry areas. They eat other fruits and insects and increased cellular activities in the lower abdomen of the animal. In addition to there is assimilated cellulose in the lower part of the intestine. Presence of assimilated cellulose in the lower abdomen of the land ig uanas is crucial. It indicates that the iguana depends on the cellulolytic micro flora in the digestive system of the animal. We will write a custom essay sample on Microevolution or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now There is a trend of iguanas with the growth of the normal iguanas in the Laguna de Manialtepec. Over the years, the growth of iguanas increased significantly in the region resulting in the slightly different creature in the habitat. The example shows the theory of Natural selection takes place in an ordinary environment. Natural selection is a progression whereby organisms adapt to the prevailing conditions of a certain environment (Darwin&Quammen, 12). The organisms that survive  in these  change the population of the rest of the species. Change in population results is a result of the change in the iguanas. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution explains the process of evolution in the land iguanas (Curry&Chang, 12). The iguanas are better adapted to the current conditions of 2315. Change in features of the land iguana ensures that they have favorable characteristics to survive in 2315. Competition in the wild is the ultimate solution to surviva l. According to Darwin's theory, natural selection transforms the genetic traits in species (Freedman, 6). In this case, there is an evolution of genetic traits of the land iguana that are vital for the survival. Competition in the wild is the ultimate solution to survival. Animals with unique features survive while those with unwanted features die. Iguanas that could not survive the evolution process had no option but to die. Iguanas had to attach themselves to their parents to protection until they were mature. They adapted to feeding cacti and flowers in the wild. Competition among organisms in the same environment eliminates the weaker generation from the society. Darwin noted that the tortoises in Galapagos Island were distinctive in their particular manner (Freedman, 24). They were very distinct, and individuals could quickly tell the island of origin. There is a close relationship between the land iguanas and the finches. That sets in another theory whose postulation supp orts why land iguanas are dominant in Laguna de Manialtepec, South Mexico (Darwin&Quammen, 12). The choice of food eaten by organisms and the time food takes to reach the gastrointestinal tract of the iguanas is vital in the evolution of the animal. Natural foods are broken down for energy, nitrogen, calcium among other crucial minerals. The system of the iguana's processes high-quality foods. According to Darwin, not all organisms have equal chances in the fight for survival (Darwin&Quammen, 23). The plants that have adapted to the environment are healthy and have a better chance of surviving. The fittest animals survive harsh conditions. Land iguanas reproduce to their full potential and adapt to the conditions of Laguna de Manialtepec. Gene flow is generally the transfer of genes from one population to another (Freedman, 29). The original ancestors of the land iguanas had the adaptation that helped them survive. Their migration had two effects on the population of land iguanas and the host community. Breeding managed to decrease variation in most of the organisms in Laguna de Manialtepec (Gibson&Gibson, 18). Natural selection is a means that explains the theory of modification as theory works. The theory of Charles Darwin is a landmark in the process of evolution. The theory relies on the belief that there is the formation of new and better species from the existing ones. The theory argues that t a dominant allele that influences a trait in an organism development. The influence is on the genetic trait of the organism and affects the growth and development of the organism. In conclusion, genes pass through the generation of animal and plants by reproduction. Successful genetic variations are an advantage when the land iguanas have a high frequency. Diversification of land iguanas limits the potential for future generation. The dominant trait of animals helps them easily survive the evolution. Darwin demonstrated natural selection using the artificial selection of domestic plants and animals (Curry&Chang, 12). Natural selection shapes the behavior of many animals and individuals. In addition to, natural selection selects numerous species in a population. There is evidence that proves the existence of the theories of Darwin. Works Cited Curry, Jennifer, and In-Young Chang. Evolution. Bronx, NY: H.W. Wilson, 2006. Print. Darwin, Charles, and David Quammen. On The Origin Of Species. New York: Sterling, 2008. Print. Freedman, Dave. Natural Selection. New York: Hyperion, 2006. Print. Gibson, J. Phil, and Terri R Gibson. Natural Selection. New York: Chelsea House, 2009. Print

Minor Prophets Essay - 1142 Words

The Old Testament ends with the Minor Prophets. These prophets provided insight on many issues the Jews were facing. All of the prophets had the same ideas of a warning of impending judgment because of the nations’ sinfulness, the coming judgment, a call for repentance, and a promise of future deliverance of God’s grace. Idolatry, social injustice and religious ritualism are three issues that the prophets emphasized on in their teachings and can be inspired in the minds and hearts of believers today. The prophets’ teachings are just as important today as they were in the past. The teachings about God, the way man lived, social issues, and religious rituals are all relevant in the today’s society. Idolatry is the worship of anything else†¦show more content†¦The society we live in now struggles to focus on God. There are too many other things that have come to replace Him as number one in their lives. If we could focus more on God today, the issues that are prevalent would begin to disappear and we would be able to reap the goodness God promises. Unfortunately, humans continue to stray from God and worship their false idols with their eyes, minds, and hearts. In Jonah 2:8, â€Å"Those who cling to worthless idols turn away from God’s love for them.†, Jonah prayed to God about idolatry when he realized what he had done wrong and how mistaken he was to run from God’s command. The prophet teachings about social injustice come from Amos. Social injustice is the ill treatment to the vulnerable citizens that God calls us to respect and care for. In Leviticus 19: 3-35, God instructs us about respecting our parents, feeding the poor, paying workers on time, upholding justice, not slandering others, respecting the elderly, and honesty in business dealings. Amos preached the coming of judgment against Israel for oppressing their people. The inequality between the rich and the poor were disgraceful to God’s commands. Amos 5: 14-15 states â€Å"Seek good, not evil, that you may live. Then the Lord God Almighty will be with you, just as you say He is. Hate evil, love good; maintain justice in the courts. Perhaps the Lord God Almighty will have mercyShow MoreRelatedIslam vs. Christianity Essay608 Words   |  3 Pagestotally different. In this essay I will compare and contrast many of the facets that make up the worlds largest and most recognized religions, Christianity and Islam. The word Islam means surrender or submission, submission to the will of Allah, the one God. Muslims are those who have submitted themselves. The basic creed of Islam is brief: There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah. Islam teachesRead MoreEssay about The Differences Between Islam and Christianity640 Words   |  3 Pagesthe fundamental areas, while being totally different. 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Physical Beauty to Inner Beauty Free Essays

We are human beings, we need both physical beauty and inner beauty. We are not angels to search only for inner beauty. Also we are not devils to search only for outer beauty. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Beauty to Inner Beauty or any similar topic only for you Order Now We have eyes, first of all we look at someone physical, but as the time goes by we know the real people whether having inner beauty or not. The three aspects i am going to discuss are respect, confidence and relationship. The three aspects i am going to discuss are respect, confidence and relationship. The are many different between physical beauty and inner beauty and the most important is respect. Inner beauty is responsible for providing the person with more respect and status in society. Also physical beauty play role but if you’re not good with your soul then the outer beauty role remain for less period but if you are good at your soul then you are talked everywhere. We may find a good and charming looking person but unless he or she is not good at soul we can not play a relationship. The other different is to be in confidence. The physical will always attract because of the hormones in our bodies but I also think that people have different ideas of what they are attracted to. But today’s society and cultures play a huge influence on what people should think is attractive but the people that today’s society and culture call beautiful exhibit strong confidence in how they appear, so confidence will play role in it too. The last different is in relationship. When you meet someone for the first time, you will acknowledge their physical beauty first and then after you talk to him/her for quite some time you will acknowledge their inner beauty like their personality, their wit and etc. You might not agree with me on this case because some of you might say that inner beauty is the real beauty. But if you ask people around I bet they will say the same thing. The first trigger will be physical beauty. You can take e. g. from the story of Cinderella. Prince choose chooses Cinderella when he spotted her with beautiful dress and make up nicely not with kitchen uniform, I wonder if the prince will even ask her dance if Cinderella’s wear her apron. The outer beauty will always attract but the inner beauty is what will give relationship long evity. In conclusion, we can say inner beauty has higher meaning on how we look at what is attractive. We should be more interested in the inner beauty first before seeking what is on the outside because beauty open locked doors, many people look for external beauty and they forget about feelings but in the end when the beauty is over, the same doors will be closed How to cite Physical Beauty to Inner Beauty, Essay examples

Beeny Cliff and On Wenlock Edge Essay Example For Students

Beeny Cliff and On Wenlock Edge Essay In both poems : Beeny Cliff (Thomas Hardy) and On Wenlock Edge (A.E.Housman) , the two poets associate the past with the present in different ways. Hardy presents the past by remembering his own experiences. Throughout the poem, the love and relationship with his previous wife is described almost as an unpleasant reminiscence. As if telling a story, he reveals the misery of the unrequited love and the regrets that he has for the past. Whereas in On Wenlock Edge, Housman is standing alone on a hillside, gazing at a landscape. He relates himself to an imagined historical figure, by mentioning things in common in both characters; also contributing his emotions and views that he has at that particular place. I think that the poets expressions are rather personal in both poems. On the whole, the two poems are retrospective, whether it was about their own history, or about the ancient, the one not experienced. Although presented in various ways, it seems that there is a sense of melancholy in both poems. Hardy does this by presenting his language in a depressing tone, though still giving away hints of his affection towards his former wife; whom he had written the poem for. However, Housman gives us a transient feeling; also creating the sense of loneliness throughout the whole poem. He describes the view he has from the hillside, and analyses human beings against the nature around him; using elements such as the wind and the trees of different kinds. Beeny Cliff is a short, simple-structured poem. The five stanzas, each three lines, are numbered with Roman numerals, as if to place them in order. They also act as time indicators to show that the time is moving forward; as out of five, the first three sections are written in the past tense, the other two in the present tense. Similar to the shape, the content of the poem divides into five sections as well. The poem starts with a feeling of deep, mutual love. The romantic theme carries on, though giving some awkward impressions using a difficult choice of vocabulary. Unfortunately, the poem concludes with the death of his wife, and a sense of unhappiness stands out by the constant use of negative language. I think Hardy intentionally does this to separate the individual events in each stanza. Overall, the poem is in an eye-catching shape, and seems as significant as the content presumably is to the poet. Similarly, On Wenlock Edge is a very short poem with five stanzas, each four lines. I think that its shape is very appropriate for a poem about the countryside, as it has a simple shape, divided into neat sections. As with the Beeny Cliff, On Wenlock Edge is also written in the past tense in the first four stanzas, and the last in the present tense. I think Housman does this to start telling of his memory in the past, and then brings it back to the present. Furthermore, the lines are short and only state his individual thoughts without any explanation. I think that Housman does this in order to make the reader focus more on the content as, I think, a lot of understanding is needed; although the poem looks quite straightforward. The rhyme scheme of On Wenlock Edge is also very simple, the ABAB form. Apart from a pair of eye-rhyme, all of the rhymes are very noticeable. The eye-rhyme, hanger and anger looks as if they would rhyme, but does not when spoken aloud. Nevertheless, I think Housman could have done this to emphasise his anger, as the two words would be the same if the h was taken off hanger. .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 , .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 .postImageUrl , .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 , .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2:hover , .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2:visited , .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2:active { border:0!important; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2:active , .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2 .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u83cb33376bd605d943752e5f9d0cffe2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The poems nothings changed EssayIn this stanza, Housmans feelings stand out, as he expresses his rage on his choice of language as well. In the same stanza, the repetition of the harsh th sounds in words such as through, then, and threshed; this would be the evidence of the emphasis of his emotion. Likewise, Beeny Cliff has an even simpler rhyme scheme. It has an AAA rhyme scheme, the three lines of each stanza rhyming. For example, the first three lines rhyme with an ee sound, and the next stanza rhymes with an ay sound, and so on. This is quite an unusual pattern; however Hardy uses them successfully and makes the rhymes very strong and obvious. I think this rhyme scheme creates a spell-like sense, which would be appropriate for a love poem. In the first line of Beeny Cliff, Hardy starts the poem with the word O. The letter o, as onomatopoeia, is usually attached with an h; however in this case, it indicates that Hardy sighs. At this point, I think Hardy shows this to underline his unhappiness. During the rest of the first stanza, there are several alliterations used, such as loyally loved, the lo repeated. Hardy does this to emphasise the love between the couple in the beginning; as he carries on his telling of the feelings that he had, when he was deeply in love. Moreover, not only does he carry on using a lot of alliterations, but he also uses some assonance. For example, there is the triplet, riding high bright in line 2 of the poem. The I sound, and the word high in the middle creates the sense of height. Hardy intentionally does this to explain his feelings of love. When, he and his wife were in love, Hardy tells us that they felt as though they were high up, above the sky. He mentions nether sky, as if there was another, lower sky below them. Equally, On Wenlock Edge, uses a lot of stylistic devices. One of the obvious ones would be the alliteration, such as forest fleece in line two. I think that Housman places alliteration there in order to emphasise the abundance of trees in the forest. Consonances used in this poem are not as obvious; however they are repeated a few times. The phrase plies the saplings double has a little significance, as it shows the effects of the gale, the main element of the poem. I think the sound ply in both words gives quite a strong impact and helps to visualise the young trees being bent by the winds. Personification is used quite often in both of the poems. In On Wenlock Edge, Housman shows one in the first stanza. the Wrekin heaves. The Wrekin, a hill or a mountain, is described as a moving object. However, this is only used to describe blustery scenery; as the wood, covering the mountain would look as if the mountain is moving. In Beeny Cliff, there is an obvious example, cloud..cloaked. As well as alliteration, personification is used. Hardy uses the phrase the cloud cloaking something in order to give a feeling of uncertainty, in the couples relationship, associating the cloudy weather. I think that both poets use personification in diverse and suitable way.